PYTHON BASICS OF BEGINNER's (PART-2)
MATH FUNCTION:
1. We have a math module in python that will help us to
access different type of math functions.
To access and try all the math function
check out this link: https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
import math
x=2.9
print(round(x))
print(abs(-2.9))
print(math.ceil(2.9))
print(math.floor(2.9))
print(math.remainder(4,3))
3
2.9
3
2
1.0
NESTED LOOPS:
1.
for x in
range(4):
for y in range(3):
print("The number is {}
{}".format(x,y))
print(f'Our co-ordinate is ({x},{y})')
The number is 0 0
Our co-ordinate is (0,0)
The number is 0 1
Our co-ordinate is (0,1)
The number is 0 2
Our co-ordinate is (0,2)
The number is 1 0
Our co-ordinate is (1,0)
The number is 1 1
Our co-ordinate is (1,1)
The number is 1 2
Our co-ordinate is (1,2)
The number is 2 0
Our co-ordinate is (2,0)
The number is 2 1
Our co-ordinate is (2,1)
The number is 2 2
Our co-ordinate is (2,2)
The number is 3 0
Our co-ordinate is (3,0)
The number is 3 1
Our co-ordinate is (3,1)
The number is 3 2
Our co-ordinate is (3,2)
2. Program to print F using x.
number=[5,2,5,2,2]
for x in number:
output=''
for y in range(x):
output+='x'
print(output)
xxxxx
xx
xxxxx
xx
xx
2-D LIST:
1. How to input data in list.
list = []
n = int(input("Enter number of elements : "))
for i in
range(n):
element = int(input())
list.append(element)
print(list)
Enter number of elements : 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
2. How to iterate each element in 2-d list
matrix=[[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]]
print(x)
for x in matrix:
for y in x:
print(y)
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
[7, 8, 9]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TUPLES:
Tuples are
similar to list but its im-mutable that means we cannot change them.
We can only get
the informations about the tuples we cannot apply various operations on it like
append, pop, remove etc. .
1.
number=(1,2,3,4,5)
number
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
2.
number=(1,2,3,4,5)
print(number[2])
print(number[3])
3
4
3. Unpacking: It means setting the values
of tuples in a certain variable.
x,y,z = coordinates , as
soon as the python interpreter see this line it will will get the first item in
the tuple(coordiantes) and assign it to the first variable then it will get the
second item in the tuple and assign it to the second variable and so on.
coordinates=(1,2,3)
x,y,z =
coordinates
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
1
2
3
EXCEPTION:
Exceptions are
used to run the program smoothly if an error occurs in the code in between.
Enter the error
type of in the except block ,it will help the program to complete properly
rather than showing error.
1. ValueError
age=int(input('Age:'))
print(age)
Age:age
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most
recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-a951aaeb6da1> in <module>
----> 1 age=int(input('Age:'))
2 print(age)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'age'
try:
age=int(input('Age:'))
print(age)
except
ValueError:
print('Invalid value')
Age:ade
Invalid value
2. ZeroDivisionError
age=int(input('Age:'))
income = 2000
risk =
income/age
print(risk)
Age:0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent
call last)
<ipython-input-5-cf2041b62496> in <module>
1 age=int(input('Age:'))
2 income = 2000
----> 3 risk = income/age
4 print(risk)
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
try:
age=int(input('Age:'))
income = 2000
risk = income/age
print(age)
except
ZeroDivisionError:
print("age cannot be zero")
Age:0
age cannot be zero
CLASSES:
We
use classes to define new types of methods that we create inside a class and
that can be called via class objects.
Python is an object oriented programming
language. Almost everything in Python is
an object, with its properties and methods. A Class is like an
object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
Object
is an instance of a class a class simply defines what operations you have to
perform.
Each
object has an different instance of class.(no two objects can have same name)
self is a refrence to the current object. Every
method in our class should have self
parameter .We can access the attributes and methods of the class in python, it binds the attributes with
the given arguments.
1.
class Point:
def move(self):
print('Move')
def draw(self):
print('Draw')
point1=Point()
point1.move()
Move
2.
class
Point:
def move(self):
print('Move')
def draw(self):
print('Draw')
point1=Point()
point1.x=10
point1.y=20
print(point1.x,point1.y)
10 20
3.
class
Point:
def move(self):
print('Move')
def draw(self):
print('Draw')
point1=Point()
point2=Point()
point2.x=30
point2.y=40
print(point2.x,point2.y)
30 40
CONSTRUCTOR:
A
constructor is a function that gets called at the time of creating an object.
In
the body of this method (__init__(self,parameters) means initialize) we should
read the values passed here to initialize our object
self is a reference
to the current object.
1.
class
Point:
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x=x
self.y=y
def move(self):
print('Move')
def draw(self):
print('Draw')
point=Point(20,30)
print(point.x,',',point.y)
type(point.x)
20 , 30
int
2.
class
Point:
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x=x
self.y=y
def move(self):
print(f'Move {self.x}')
def draw(self):
print('Draw')
point=Point(20,30)
point.move()
Move 20
INHERITENCE:
Inheritence
is a mechanism for reusing code. As soon as we inherit the parent class to the
sub class, the sub class will inherit all the methods that is defined in the
parent class.
Python
doesn’t allow us to keep the class empty so pass keyword is used in the class.
1.
class
Mammal:
def walk(self):
print('walk')
class
Dog(Mammal):
pass
class
Cat(Mammal):
def meow(self):
print('meow')
obj1=Dog()
obj1.walk()
obj2=Cat()
obj2.meow()
walk
meow
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